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this stark environment looks like Mars

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this stark environment looks like Mars
 

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this stark environment looks like Mars
in a way it is for planetary scientists

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in a way it is for planetary scientists
 

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in a way it is for planetary scientists
chris mckay of NASA's Ames Research

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chris mckay of NASA's Ames Research
 

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chris mckay of NASA's Ames Research
Center his specialty is the study of

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Center his specialty is the study of
 

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Center his specialty is the study of
life in the universe instead of

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life in the universe instead of
 

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life in the universe instead of
traveling to Mars makeda is the next

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traveling to Mars makeda is the next
 

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traveling to Mars makeda is the next
best thing he leads a diversified team

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best thing he leads a diversified team
 

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best thing he leads a diversified team
of scientists into the remote dry

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of scientists into the remote dry
 

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of scientists into the remote dry
valleys of Western Antarctica near the

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valleys of Western Antarctica near the
 

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valleys of Western Antarctica near the
ross ice shelf

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and spend a couple of months a year

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and spend a couple of months a year
 

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and spend a couple of months a year
probing the seemingly lifeless

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probing the seemingly lifeless
 

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probing the seemingly lifeless
environment for clues to its makeup

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environment for clues to its makeup
 

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environment for clues to its makeup
studying this barren and frozen

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studying this barren and frozen
 

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studying this barren and frozen
ecosystem allows scientists to approach

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ecosystem allows scientists to approach
 

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ecosystem allows scientists to approach
the investigation of Mars with a more

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the investigation of Mars with a more
 

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the investigation of Mars with a more
educated I the dry Valley region is a

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educated I the dry Valley region is a
 

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educated I the dry Valley region is a
place where temperatures dipped to minus

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place where temperatures dipped to minus
 

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place where temperatures dipped to minus
60 degrees fahrenheit in the winter and

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60 degrees fahrenheit in the winter and
 

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60 degrees fahrenheit in the winter and
are rarely above freezing in the summer

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are rarely above freezing in the summer
 

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are rarely above freezing in the summer
what startled researchers when they

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what startled researchers when they
 

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what startled researchers when they
began their studies about 10 years ago

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began their studies about 10 years ago
 

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began their studies about 10 years ago
was the discovery that microorganisms

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was the discovery that microorganisms
 

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was the discovery that microorganisms
were living in the sandstone boulders

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were living in the sandstone boulders
 

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were living in the sandstone boulders
along the valley wall research assistant

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along the valley wall research assistant
 

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along the valley wall research assistant
who studies beneath the rugged surface

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who studies beneath the rugged surface
 

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who studies beneath the rugged surface
which is actually a frozen lake hardly

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which is actually a frozen lake hardly
 

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which is actually a frozen lake hardly
what most of us consider a lake but

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what most of us consider a lake but
 

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what most of us consider a lake but
nonetheless after taking my sales

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nonetheless after taking my sales
 

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nonetheless after taking my sales
13 feet down into the US scientists we

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13 feet down into the US scientists we
 

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13 feet down into the US scientists we
find its liquid component in 10 below

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find its liquid component in 10 below
 

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find its liquid component in 10 below
zero whether a diver Don scuba gear in

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zero whether a diver Don scuba gear in
 

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zero whether a diver Don scuba gear in
preparation for the dock

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sample food

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from the lake mother once inside the

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from the lake mother once inside the
 

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from the lake mother once inside the
Iceman politely finishes very quickly

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Iceman politely finishes very quickly
 

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Iceman politely finishes very quickly
the absence of swimming aquatic life is

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the absence of swimming aquatic life is
 

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the absence of swimming aquatic life is
immediately noticed the crystal clear

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immediately noticed the crystal clear
 

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immediately noticed the crystal clear
water and moderate deaths a thin carpet

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water and moderate deaths a thin carpet
 

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water and moderate deaths a thin carpet
of algae can be seen covering the bottom

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of algae can be seen covering the bottom
 

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of algae can be seen covering the bottom
these primitive organisms called

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these primitive organisms called
 

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these primitive organisms called
stromatolites in their fossilized state

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stromatolites in their fossilized state
 

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stromatolites in their fossilized state
may offer one of the best clues about

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may offer one of the best clues about
 

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may offer one of the best clues about
life on another planet according to

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life on another planet according to
 

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life on another planet according to
chris mckenna we think that these

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chris mckenna we think that these
 

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chris mckenna we think that these
organisms are very good analogue to what

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organisms are very good analogue to what
 

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organisms are very good analogue to what
we think might have existed on Mars lake

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we think might have existed on Mars lake
 

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we think might have existed on Mars lake
and even to what we think might have

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and even to what we think might have
 

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and even to what we think might have
existed on early Earth but we're

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existed on early Earth but we're
 

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existed on early Earth but we're
studying these organisms to see how they

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studying these organisms to see how they
 

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studying these organisms to see how they
produce energy capturing sunlight

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produce energy capturing sunlight
 

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produce energy capturing sunlight
photosynthesis how they respire look

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photosynthesis how they respire look
 

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photosynthesis how they respire look
where they get their nutrients and how

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where they get their nutrients and how
 

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where they get their nutrients and how
just a whole ecology of a lake that's

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just a whole ecology of a lake that's
 

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just a whole ecology of a lake that's
under her perennial constant ice-covered

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under her perennial constant ice-covered
 

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under her perennial constant ice-covered
photographic evidence from NASA Viking

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photographic evidence from NASA Viking
 

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photographic evidence from NASA Viking
spacecraft suggests that Mars had lakes

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spacecraft suggests that Mars had lakes
 

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spacecraft suggests that Mars had lakes
at one time comparative studies in

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at one time comparative studies in
 

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at one time comparative studies in
Antarctica tell us that life-sustaining

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Antarctica tell us that life-sustaining
 

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Antarctica tell us that life-sustaining
water could have existed below frozen

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water could have existed below frozen
 

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water could have existed below frozen
lakes on early Mars since Mars died an

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lakes on early Mars since Mars died an
 

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lakes on early Mars since Mars died an
early death it may hold good fossil

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early death it may hold good fossil
 

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early death it may hold good fossil
evidence of first life on the mysterious

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evidence of first life on the mysterious
 

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evidence of first life on the mysterious
red planet a sort of life's last stand

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red planet a sort of life's last stand
 

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red planet a sort of life's last stand
on Mars could have been a swim in one of

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on Mars could have been a swim in one of
 

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on Mars could have been a swim in one of
these frozen lakes and so if we study

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these frozen lakes and so if we study
 

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these frozen lakes and so if we study
the Antartic Lakes we might be able to

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the Antartic Lakes we might be able to
 

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the Antartic Lakes we might be able to
come up with methods to find evidence

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come up with methods to find evidence
 

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come up with methods to find evidence
for this last biological event on Mars

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for this last biological event on Mars
 

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for this last biological event on Mars
using the frozen lakes of Antarctica as

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using the frozen lakes of Antarctica as
 

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using the frozen lakes of Antarctica as
a laboratory is an important first step

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a laboratory is an important first step
 

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a laboratory is an important first step
in the future exploration of Mars

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in the future exploration of Mars
 

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in the future exploration of Mars
knowing where life might have existed on

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knowing where life might have existed on
 

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knowing where life might have existed on
the dead planet may lead us to the first

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the dead planet may lead us to the first
 

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the dead planet may lead us to the first
evidence of other life day and other

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evidence of other life day and other
 

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evidence of other life day and other
places in our galaxy

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you